Cooling system for internal-combustion engines



April 23, 1929. w, w um 1,710,268

COOLING SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Feb. 26, 1926 2Sheets-Sheet orn 7mm;

Filed Feb. 26, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Apr. 23, 1929..

UNITED 'STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WELLINGTON W. MUIR, OF 'LOCKPOR'I, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR 'I O HARRISONRADIA- TOR CORPORATION, OF LOGKPORT, NEW YORK.

COOLING SYSTEM- FOR INTERNALr'COMBUST-ION ENGINES.

Application filed February 26, 1926. Serial No. 90,824.

This invention relates to cooling circuits for internal combustionengines and methods The side tank 6 is joined to the side tank 7 as bythe water passages 18, and 19 repreof operating the same and has for itsob} @sents the usual air passages with which raject to improve theconstructions and the operations over those that have been heretoforeproposed.

With these and other objects in view the invention consists in the novelsteps and combinations of steps constituting the process and in thenovel parts and combinations of parts constituting the apparatus all as-will be more fully hereinafter disclosed and particularly pointed outin the claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings forming a part of thisspecification in which like numerals designate like parts in all the;

views;

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic side elevational view, partly in section of acooling circuit made in accordance with this invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1 looking in thedirection of the arrows; and

Fig. 3 is a detached sectional view of a somewhat modified form ofauxiliary tank or condenser.

1 indicates the jacket of any suitable internal combustion'engine, 2 and3 indicate exit pipes leading from said jacket, and 4: indicates a pipeor conduit jointed to said exit pipes adapted to lead the cooling fluidfrom the jacket 1, to the radiator 5, which is here shown as of thecross flow type, but it is to be understood that this invention is not;limited to this particular type of radiator. Said cross flow radiator 5is provided with a side tank 6 into which the pipe 4 leads, and it isalso provided with a side tank 7 and another side tank 8 as illustrated,said tanks 7 and 8 being separated by the partition 9 provided with anorifice 10 near the bottom thereof, which enables the tank 7 tocommunicate with the tank 8, as will be readily understood. Thepartition9 terminates at or near the top plate 11 of the hon ey-comb 12 of theradiator 5, providing an open top to each of the tanks 7 and 8 which arethereby adapted to communicate through said open tops or passages 1.3with the top space 14 of the radiator located above said top plate 11.From the bottom portion of the tank 8 leads a pipe or conduit 15connected to the suction side of a pump 16 and from the force side ofsaid pump leads the conduit 17 back to the jacket 1 as shown.

diators of this class are provided.

20 represents the filling cap of the radiator 5, associated with thepipe or nipple 21 into'which rojects the upturned end 22 of the air anvapor pipe 23 leading to an auxiliary condenser 24 as shown. Thisauxihary condenser 24 is provided with a transverse partition 25 leadingfrom the top thereof to apoint'slig'htly below the openmg of the pipe23, as shown. In the bottom ofsaid condenser 24 is placed a suiiicientamount of liquid,such as water 28, to fill the condenser up to a pointslightly above the lower edge of said partition 25. The level 27 of saidliquid is thus capable of being maintained at a point not higher thanthe central axis of the inlet pipe 23. 280 represents a vent pipe fromthe condenser 24 which may be of any suitable construction. In thesomewhat modified formof the lnvention shown in Fig. 3, the auxiliarytank or condenser 24: is of substantially the same construction asthat'shown in Fig. 1, except it is provided with a filling cap30 sodisposed as to insure the level 27-of the liquid 28 to be at the rightheight relative to the partition 25 and to the axis of the 1nlet pipe 23as will be readily understood. 31 represents a pet cock for withdrawingthe liquid from the condenser 24-when desired.

In the operation the cooling fluid will pass from the jacket 1 throughthe exits 2 and 3 thereof, through the pipe 4 into the side tank 6,thence the flow is through one or more of the conducting passages 18 tothe tank 7.

Said cooling fluid being subjected to the cooling action of air passingthrough the passages 19 therefor, any vapor that may accompany saidfluid will be condensed and the condensate passed down to the orifice 10with which the partition 9 is provided, and through said orifice intothe tank 8. The condensed fluid thus collecting in the tank 8 will bedrawn by the pump 16 from said tank and forced through the pipe 17 backinto the jacket 1.

Should the tank 7 for any reason, receive so much liquid that the samecannot pass through the orifice 10, tank 7 and all of the cross flowpassages 18 will fill up, whereupon the liquid will flow over the top ofthe into any vent apparatus that may be pro-v partition 9 through thepassages 13and into the tank 8, whereupon said pump will be enabled todraw more fluid from the radiator 5 than heretofore described. Inasmuchas the capacity of the pump is sufficient to take careof all the liquidin the system, it will thus be seen that the tank 8 will be keptsubstantially free from fluid, and the circulation through the systemwill proceed at its maximum rate. On the other hand, should only a smallportion of the cooling fluid pass over through the pipe 4 into the tank6, then only the lower liquid passageslS will be involved in coolingsaid fluid, because the liquid level in tank 6 will immediately fallunder these conditions.

It will be evident also that as the temperature of the engine increases,due to increasing loads placed thereon, there will be an increase in theamount of cooling fluid passing into the radiator 5 and the number ofpassages 18 therein brought into cooling action will likewise increase.Therefore, the net results is that the cooling action exerted on thecooling fluid is always in pro portion to the load on the engine, or thetemperature thereof.

An examination of the drawings, however, will show that any air that mayaccompany the cooling fluid through the cooling passages 18 into thetank 7 will escape through the exit 13 into the space 14 and into thenipple 21, whereupon it will enter the pipe 23 and pass into the chamber35 of the auxiliary condenser 24. As this air accumulates in chamber 35its pressure will evcntually he sufiicient to uncover the lower edge 26of the partition 25 and thus will the air passfroln the chamber 35 intochamber 36 and out through the vent 280 to the atmosphere. On the otherhand, should any alcoholic vapor remain uncondensed and accompany saidair, it likewise will pass into the chamber 35, but here it will comeinto contact with the upper surface 27 of the water 28 and thereupon becondensed and dissolved in said water so that it will not be lost to thesystem.

The foregoing constitutes an important feature of this invention becauseunder ordinary conditions immediately after the engine stops there isenough heat in the metal parts of the engine to continue the evaporationof the liquid and the alcoholic contents thereof for some time aftersaid engine stops. During this period alcoholic vapor will continue topass out of the jacket 1 through the passages 18 of the radiator, butthere being no cooling action in said passages, due to the stopping ofthe engine, a relatively large amount of alcoholic vapor will passuncondensed into the pipe 23 or vided for the air, and thus be lost tothe system unless an auxiliary condenser 24 is protact with the water28, and condensed whilethe air is permitted to freely escape.

It is further an important feature of this invention that the pipe 23leads from the cold side of the radiator instead of from the hot sidethereof, because if the pipe 23 leads from the hot side of the radiator(which is the side receiving the hot vapors, as contradistinguished fromthe cold side of the radiator which is that side disposed beyond thecondensing or'cooling passages from the hot side) there would berelatively large portions of alcoholic vapor passing through said pipe23, along with water vapor, and thus would the liquid 25 soon becomesaturated with alcoholic vapor and fail to function properly. Further,the water 28 in the tank 24- would soon increase to such an extent as torender said tank inoperative. I

It is a still further important feature of this invention that the pipe23 enter the auxiliary condenser 24 above the level 27 of the liquid 28for if it enters at the bottom of said liquid, it would cause the airand the vapor to bubble up through the liquid, and in the case offreezing, the liquid in the tank would seal the pipe 23. The resultwould be that the pressure in the radiator'would be built up so highthat an explosion would follow. According to this invention, on theother hand, by leading the pipe 23 into the tank 24 above the level ofthe liquid, the freezing of said liquid would do no harm because saidtank would still condense the alcoholic vapor as it came into contactwith the surface of the ice therein. In other words, this inventionprovides a condenser of a type which may be called a liquid surfacecondenser in that the vapor is brought in contact with a large liquidsurface and condensed by surface contact, a construction which issuperior in that it completely avoids any danger of failure from theliquid being frozen in the auxiliary condenser. Should the liquid befrozen in said auxiliary condenser no trouble will be experienced withthe proper functioning of the condenser, due to the fact that thesurfaces of the ice will form a highly efficient surface condenser, andthe vapor will be condensed just as efliciently as if liquid were in thecondenser. Likewise, if the radiator of this invention should freeze, nospecial harm would be done, because the top portion of the radiatorwould always have some of its passages 18 open, and the vapor would passtherethrough and ultimately reach the condenser 24.

A still further important feature of this invention resides in the factthat the liquid 28 in the condenser 24: is ilacedbelow the inlet pipe 23in a pocket, or 1t 1s not possible through the o eration of the systemto exhaust this liquid out of the tank 24. In other words, the liquidmust be always in place and ready to function. Were it possible towithdraw this liquid back into the cooling system, it would then'bepossible to lose the valuable alcoholic Va or. Stated in still otherlangua'tge, by prov1 ing an auxiliary condenser 24 of the constructiondisclosed, which condenses only that portion of the alcoholic vapors notcondensed in the radiator proper, one is enabled to insure the presenceof alcohol at all times in the cooling circuit, and thus prevent saidcircuit since nov alcoholic vapors can pass the liquid seal at 26, fromfreezing, a result which would not be possible if, through accident orotherwise, the alcohol was permitted toescape from the said circuit.

Also it will be seen that when the jacket is filled with water or otherfluid, including an alcoholic solution, and the engine started, the pump16 will draw from the radiator such fluid as has collected in the tank 8by seepage through the restricted aperture 10. In other words, therewill be some liquid in the radiator core before the engine starts, or inother words, the core will have liquid therein to about the levelindicated by the dotted line 50. This liquid will be withdrawn from theradiator and passed back to the jacket of the motor where it will beheated and forced out through the conduit 4 into the tank 6 of theradiator. The liquid will then pass through the passages 18, be cooledtherein, then passed through the restricted aperture 10 to be againreturned to the jacket by the pump 16.

As the engine heats up considerable vapor will be given off as well asthe temperature of the liquid raised to around the boiling point, orwithin the range of say 180 to 212. The liquid and vapor coming overinto the radiator will then come so fast that the core will be filled upas will likewise be the tanks 6 and 7 thus causing the condensed andcooled liquid to pass over the top of the partition wall 9 as by thepassages 13 and spill into the tank 8, there to be freely withdrawn andpassed back to the jacket by means of the pump 16. This will continueuntil the temperature of the liquid in the jacket 1 has been reduced todecrease the flow of fluid from said jacket into the radiator, whereuponthe fluid will build up in the radiator due to the restricted opening 10and thus the cycle will be repeated.

Should the engine be stopped when it was very hot and the radiator corefilled as just stated, then the auxiliary tank 24 would have to functionto cool the fluid, because the pump 16 would not be operating. Underthese conditions the evolved vapors would enter the pipe 23, andbe'condensed therein the condensate flowing into the tank 24:. In factthe tank 24 and the pipe 23 will become filled with liquid.Subsequently, as the temperature of the fluid in the radiator reduces,or when the engine is again started, there will be created a negativepressure in the radiator which will draw the condensate back through thepipe 23 from the auxiliary tank 24 to and into the upper tank 5 of the"radiator, to join the liquid in the primary circuit. This will continueuntil a balance of pressure is obtained by the admission of air throughthe vent 280, but in this return of the condensate to the upper tank 5it will be apparent that as soon as the balance of pressure is-attainedthe division wall 25 of the auxiliary tank 24: will function with theliquid in the bottom of said tank to again establish a liquid seal.

In other words, by this invention there is provided means such as therestrictedpassage 10 and the open ends 13 of the tanks 7 and 8, by whichthere is supplied to the jacket 1 automatically and alternately toolittle, and too much cooling fluid to continuously maintain the saidjacket at a predetermined desired temperature.

This invention provides a cooling system for internal combustion enginesin which there are two coolers or condensers which are in series witheach other. The first condenser, comprising the passages 18, is inseries with the cooling jacket of the motor. The second condenser,including the tank 24, is in ofl'set relation to the cooling jacket ofthe motor. In the first named condenser the cooling action is caused byair being passed through the air passages 19 of the condenser. In thesecond condenser, which is in series with the first condenser, thecooling or condensing action is caused by the cooled liquid 28 stored inthe condenser tank 24 independent of air flow.

Stated in other words, as long as the air is flowing through thepassages 19 of the first condenser, the second or liquid condenser isinactive. As soon as the cooling air ceases to flow through the passages19 and there is any vapor present in the first condenser which has notbeen condensed, said vapor is readily condensed in the second condenser.Stated in still other words, this cooling system provides means forcondensing any vapor which is passed through the first cooler orcondenser without being condensed.

In order that this invention may be the better understood'it is said,that a condenser connected in series with the cooling circuit is acondenser in which the cooling circuit enters one end thereof and leavesat the other side or end thereof. Stated in other nected in ofisetrelation to the cooling circuit is a. condenser placed ofi' to one sideof the main circuit as described above, and

into which the fluid passes for condensing, the condensed fluidreturning to the circuit at the same end or side from which said fluidentered, the vent to the atmosphere tank 24 and ultimately be condensedand collected therein.

It is within the scope of invention, as will be obvious, that theeondensed'liquid in the tank 24 may be returned to the coolingv circuitof the engine in any desired manner. That isto say, in place of the cock31, see'Fig. 3, the tank 24 may be provided with a suitable connectionwhereby condensate may be returned to the circuit, but in any suchreturn the lower edge 26 of the partition 25 should not be uncovered. In

,other words, no matter how the condensate being on the coldest side ofthe'condenser. is returned, there should always be a liquid with thecooling circuit. Thus, in the drawlugs, the condenser comprlsing thelowermost of the passages 18 is in series with the cooling circuit,whereas the condenser comprising the uppermost of the passages 18 is inparallel with said circuit, and the space 14 thereabove together withthe tank 24, is in offset relation to the cooling circuit because thefluid to be condensed therein is not directly in the cooling circuit,but is branched therefrom.

Also it will be observed that by this invention there is provided aprocess of cooling a jacket of an engine which consists in providing acooling circuit comprising a radiator 5, the connections 15, pump 16,connections 17, jacket 1, exits 2 and 8, and conduit 4. Further, theprocess involves supplying constantly and intermittently while theengine is running a quantity of cooling liquid to the jacket which isinsutlic-icnt to cool the same to permit the temperature of the jacketto rise. It further provides for supplying alternately with the abovementioned supplies, a quantity of liquid to the jacket which is morethan suliicient to cool said jacket after the temperature thereof hasarisen. Still further it will be observed that this process ofalternately supplying first too little and then too much cooling liquidis done automatically, constantly and intern'iittently. Lastly, it willbe observed that in both the apparatus. and in the process forming thesubject matter of this invention the tank 24 with its associated pipe 23by means of which the said tank con'nnunicates with the tanks 7 and 8,constitutes a means in the apparatus, and a step in the process, ofpreventing any of the cooling fluid from escaping to the atmosphere. Inother words, any of the vapors in the radiator which are not condensedin the horizontally disposed passages 18, or in the tanks 7 and 8, willpass into the tank 14- and if not condensed therein, will pass throughthe pipe 23 into the as by the pipe 23 to the cold side of the cooler insuch a manner that the condenser is in series with the cooler, but inofi'sct relation with the jacket circuit. Another feature of thisinvention lies in the fact that some of the liquid passages 18, or inother words these passages lying above the normal liquid level 50 of theradiator, are normally inactive. Thatis to say, it is very seldom thatthe upper passages 18 of the radiator core are brought into use. In factthe radiator core is of such capacity that it will easily take care ofthe fluid to be cooled, but in cold weather it is possible that thelower passages 18 may become clogged or obstructed by the freezing ofthe liquid therein, and it is in such a case as this that the upperpassages, heretofore normally inactive, will be brought into use forpassing the hot fluid, and any vapor carried therewith, through thecooler. The vapor pass ing entirely through the passages 18 will beultimately condensed in the space 14 thereahove or by contact with theliquid surface 27 of the condenser 2%. Lastly, it will be observed thatthe division wall 25 extending below the normal liquid level 27 in thecondenser 24, together with the fact that the liquid 28 normally liesbelow the predetermined level established by the end of the conduit 23,constitutes a means for preventing the liquid in the condenser 24 frombeing withdrawn therefrom below the opening of the conduit 23.

It is obvious that those skilled in the art may vary the details ofconstruction as well as the-arrangements of parts without 1,71o,ees

departing from the spirit of the invention, and therefore it is notdesired to be limited to the above disclosure except as may be demandedby the claims.

What is claimed is 1. In a cooling system for engines the combination ofa jacket; a radiator; a connection between said jacket and saidradiator; return connections between said radiator and said jacket;means associated with the sys tern by which there is continuallysupplied to said jacket automatically and alternately too little, andtoo much cooling fluid to continuously maintain said jacket at apredetermined desired temperature; and means to prevent the escape ofsaid cooling fluid from the system.

2. In a cooling system for engines the combination of a jacket; aradiator; a connection between said jacket and said radiator; returnconnections between said radiator and said jacket; means comprising arestricted orifice associated with the system by which there is suppliedto said jacket automatically and alternately too little, and too muchcooling fluid to continuously maintain said jacket at a predetermineddesired temperature; and means to prevent the escape of said coolingfluid from the system.

3. In a cooling system for engines the combination of a jacket; aradiator; a connection between said jacket and said radiator; returnconnections between said radiator and said jacket; means comprising arer stricted passage and a larger passage associated with the system bywhich there is supplied to said jacket automatically and alternately toolittle, and too much cooling fluid to continuously maintain said jacketat a predetermined desired temperature; and means to prevent the escapeof said cooling fluid from the system.

4. In a cooling system for engines the combination of a jacket; aradiator of excessive cooling capacity connected to said jacket; a wallprovided with a restricted passage for cooling fluid carried by saidradiator; an unrestricted passage out of the path of said fluid when nohot vapor is present in the system, carried by said radiator;connections for delivering the cooled fluid back to said jacket; andmeans to prevent the escape of said cooling fluid from the system.

5. In a cooling system for engines the combination of a jacket; aradiator of abnormal cooling capacity connected to said jacket; arestricted passage comprising an orifice for cooling fluid carried bysaid radiator; an unrestricted passage associated with a verticallydisposed member, said last named passage being out of the path of saidfluid when no hot vapor is present in the system, and also carried bysaid radiator; connections for delivering the cooled fluid back to thecooled fluid may flow disposed above the normal level of said fluid inthe system; connections between said cooling means and said jacket; andmeans to prevent the 1escape of said cooling fluid from the sys '7. In aradiator for engines the combination of a cooling core comprisinghorizontally disposed fluid carrying passages adapted to condense thefluid passing therethrough; a vertically disposed tank with which saidpassages connect; a vertically disposed partition in said tank havingits upper edge disposed above the normal liquid level in said core, saidpartition dividing said tank into two open ended compartments, andprovided with an orifice near its lower end; and an auxiliary tankcommunicating with said first named tank adapted to prevent the escapeof any fluid uncondensed in said core and said first named tank.

8. In a radiator for engines the combination of a cooling corecomprising a plurality of horizontally disposed open ended passagesadapted to convey liquid and vapor and to condense said vapor therein; avertically disposed tank connected with the receiving ends of saidpassages; a vertically disposed tank connected with the exit ends ofsaid passages; means dividing said last named tank into a plurality ofopen ended compartments communicating with each other at about the topsurface of said core; a passage connecting said compartments near thebottom of said last named tank; and an auxiliary tank communicating withsaid second named tank adapted to prevent the escape of any fluiduncondensed in said core and said first and second named tanks.

9. In a radiator the combination of a core comprising a plurality ofhorizontally disposed openended passages adapted to convey liquid andvapor to cool and condense the same therein; a fluid receiving meansconnected with the inlet ends of said passages; a second fluid receivingmeans connected with the discharge ends of said passages; a third fluidreceiving means freely connected with said second receiving means atabout the top of said core and restrictedly connected to said secondreceiving means near the bottom of said core; and a fourth fluidreceiving means communicating with said second and third receiving meansadapted to prevent the escape of any fluid uncondensed in said core andsaid first, second, and third receiving means.

10. The process of cooling a jacket of an internal combustion enginewhich consists in providing a cooling circuit; supplying while theengine is running a quantity of cooling fluid to said jacketinsuflicient to' cool said jacket to permit the temperature of saidjacket to rise; supplying a quantity of cooling fluid to said jacketmore than sufiicient to cool the jacket after the temperature thereofhas risen; repeating the cycle of supply; and collecting the excessvaporized fluid of said supplies.

12. The process of cooling a jacket of an internal combustion enginewhile it is running which consists in providing a cooling circuit;supplying continually and intermitte'ntly a quantity of cooling fluid tosaid jacket insufficient to prevent vapor being formed in said jacketand until said vapor is produced; also supplying alternately with saidinsufficient supply a quantity of cooling fluid to said jacketsuflicient to retard the formation of vapor therein; and collecting theexcess vaporized fluid of said supplies.

13. The process of cooling a jacket of an internal combustion enginewhich consists in supplying to said jacket while the engine is running aquantity of cooling fluid insufficient to prevent the formation of vaporin said jacket; then supplying to said jacket a quantity of coolingfluid suflicient to prevent the formation of vapor therein; regularlycontinuing the alternate supplying of said first and second namedrelative quantities of cooling fluid to said jacket and collecting theexcess vaporized fluid of said supplies.

14. The process of operating a jacket cooling circuit for an internalcombustion engine of abnormal cooling capacity, which consists incontinually and regularly supplying such quantities of cooling liquid tosaid jacket as will alternately cause a rise oftemperature in saidjacket above a predetermined point, and a fall of temperature thereinbelow said point; controlling said alternate supplying of said liquid bycondensation of vapor formed; and collecting the excess vapors of saidsupply.

15. The process of operating a jacket cooling circuit for an'internalcombustion engine which consists in intermittently supplying arelatively small quantity of cooling liquid 16. The process ofmaintaining a substantially constant temperature in the jacket of aninternal combustion engine which consists in providing a coolingcircuit; regularly and continually supplying to said jacket while theengine is running alternately too little and too much cooling fluid tocontinuously maintain said temperature; and collecting the excessvaporized fluid of said supplies.

17. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines provided with acooler, a jacket for a cooling fluid and means to circulate the same,the combination of means for cooling the hot fluid of said jacket; fluidconveying connections between said jacket and said cooler for the fluidto be cooled; fluid conveying connections between said cooler and saidjacket for the cooled fluid; and means connected to the cold side ofsaid cooler to condense any vapor passed through said cooler.

18. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines provided with ajacket for a cooling fluid the combination of a radiator; meanscomprising a pump and fluid conveying connections for circulating saidfluid between said jacket and said radiator; means associated with saidradiator and serially connected with said jacket circuit for cooling thehot fluid therefrom; and means connected to the cold side of said coolerfor condensing any vapor passed through said cooler.

19. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines provided with ajacket for a cooling fluid the combination of aradiator; meanscomprising a pump and fluid conveying connections for circulating saidflui'd between said jacket and said radiator; means comprising aplurality of fluid'conveying passages associated with said radiator andserially connected with said jacket circuit for cooling the hot fluidtherefrom; and means associated with said radiator and connected to thecold side of said cooler for condensing any vapor passed through saidcooler without being condensed.

20. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines provided with ajacket for a cooling fluid the combination of a radiator; meanscomprising a pump and fluid conveying connections for circulating saidfluid between said jacket and said radiator; means comprising aplurality of fluid conveying passages some of which are normallyinacbustion engines rovided with a jacket for tive but all of which areassociated with a cooling fluid t e combination of-a radiasaid radiatorand serially connected with tor; means comprising a pump and fluid saidjacket circuit for cooling the hot fluid conveying connections forcirculating said therefrom; and means connected to the cold fluidbetween said. jacket and said radiator; side of said cooler andcooperating with said means associated with said radiator and inactivepassages for condensing any vapor serially connected with said jacketcircuit passed through said cooler. j j for cooling the hot fluidtherefrom; and 21. In a cooling system for internal commeans comprisinga surface condenser of bustion engines provided with a jacket for a apredetermined liquid level said means cooling fluid thecombination of aradiator; connected to the cold side of said cooler for means comprisinga pump and fluid concondensing any vapor passed-through said veyingconnections for circulating said fluid cooler and contacting with saidliquid between said jacket and said radiator; means surface. associatedwith said radiator and serially 26. In a cooling system for internalcomconnected with said jacket circuit for cooling bustion enginesprovided with a jacket for the hot fluid therefrom; and means conacooling fluid'and a radiator, the combinanected to the cold side of saidcooler in offset tion of means to circulate said fluid between relationto said jacket circuit for condensing said jacket and said radiator;means assoany vapor passed through said cooler. ciated with saidradiator and serially con- 22. In a cooling system for internalcomnected withsaid jacket circuit for cooling bustion engines providedwith a jacket for a the. hot fluid therefrom; and means serially coolingfluid the combination of a radiator; connected to the cold side of saidcooler in means comprising a pump and fluid conoifset relation to saidjacket circuit for conveying connections for circulating said fluid(lensing any vapor passed through said between said jacket and saidradiator; means cooler without being condensed.

, associated with said radiator and serially 27.111 a cooling systemforvinternal comconnected with said jacket circuit for cooling bustionengines provided with a jacket for the hot fluidmtherefrom; and meansassoa cooling fluid and a radiator, the combinaciated with said radiatorand connected to tion of means to circulate said fluid between the coldside of said cooler in oflset'relation saidjacket and said radiator;means asso to said jacket circuit for condensing any ciated with saidradiator and serially convapor passed through said cooler and ventnectedwith said jacket circuit for cooling ing any air carried therewith. thehot fluid therefrom; means serially con- 23. In a cooling system forinternal comnected to the cold side of said cooler in offbustion en inesrovided with a jacket for set relation to said jacket circuit andincluda cooling 1 uid tlie'combination of a radiaing aliquid surface forcondensing any I tor; means comprising a pump and fluid vapor passedthrough said cooler without conveying connections for circulatin said.being condensed; and means for preventing fluid between said jacketandsaid radiator; means associated with said radiator and sedrawn from SaidC n enser belOW a) rially connected with said 'acket circuit fordetermined level.

cooling the hot fluid therefrom; and means cooler, said means adapted toprevent the tion of means to circulate saidifiuid between the liquidfrom being automatically withpre- 4 28. In a cooling system for internalco'm-' connected to the cold side of said cooler for v bustion enginesprovided with a jacket for condensing any vapor passed through said acooling fluid and a radiator, the combinaescape of any vapor from thesystem while said jacket and said radiator; means com,-

venting air therein. prising a plurality of air cooled passages 24. In acooling. system for internal comassociated with said radiator andserially bastion engines provided with a jacket for a, connected withsaid, 'acket circuit for coolcooling fluid the combination of aradiator; ing the hot fluid t erefrom; and means means'comprising a pumpand @fluid conve serially connected-to the cold side of said ingconnections for circulating said fluid cooler in offset relation to saidjacket circuit between said jacket and said radiator; for condensing anyva or which has assed means associated with said radiator and'sethroughthe cooler wit out being con ensed} rially connected with said 'acketcircuit for by allowing .said vapor' to contact with cooling the hotfluid there rom; and means cooled liquid contained in said last namedcomprising a liquid surface condenser conmeans. nected to the cold sideof said cooler for condensing any vapor passed through said ture.cooler.

25. In a cooling system for internal com- WELLINGTON w. MUIR.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signa- I

